This study aimed to review monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and frameworks implemented in other countries. Information obtained from this review will be used to support the development of an M&E mechanism and framework for the Thai global health strategic framework. Researchers employed descriptive literature search and review to obtain the required data. The review results were grouped into two categories: 1) M&E mechanisms implemented in seven countries, namely Australia, Canada, Japan, Norway, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA; and 2) case studies of M&E frameworks used to evaluate three global health issues, i.e. communicable disease surveillance, prevention and control of HIV/TB, and health systems strengthening, which were developed and promoted by the World Health Organization, Global Fund, and their partner organizations.

As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, national (and sub-national) governments and development partners are making use of a rapidly growing body of evidence to develop policies mitigating against this devastating pandemic. Mathematical models and computational simulation models play a unique role to inform resource planning and policy development (among other uses) through scenario analysis and short-term forecasting. Already in the first six months of this outbreak, we have seen many models at the sub-national, national, regional and global level being developed at an impressive speed.